|
BCAA and
Amino Acid Research and related Studies:
Acosta, E. P. and C. V. Fletcher
(1997). Valacyclovir. Ann Pharmacother 31(2): 185-91.
Anthony, J. C., T. G. Anthony, S.
R. Kimball, et al. 2001. Signaling pathways involved in translational control of
protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by leucine. J Nutr 131(3): 856S-860S.
Anthony, J. C., T. G. Anthony and
D. K. Layman 1999. Leucine supplementation enhances skeletal muscle recovery in
rats following exercise. J Nutr 129(6): 1102-6.
Bassit, R. A., L. A. Sawada, R. F.
Bacurau, et al. 2000. The effect of BCAA supplementation upon the immune
response of triathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(7): 1214-9.
Beugnet, A., A. R. Tee, P. M.
Taylor, et al. 2003. Regulation of targets of mTOR (mammalian target of
rapamycin) signalling by intracellular amino acid availability. Biochem J 372(Pt
2): 555-66.
Beaumont, K., R. Webster, I.
Gardner and K. Dack (2003). Design of ester prodrugs to enhance oral absorption
of poorly permeable compounds: challenges to the discovery scientist. Curr Drug
Metab 4(6): 461-85.
Bigard, A. X., P. Lavier, L.
Ullmann, et al. 1996. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation during repeated
prolonged skiing exercises at altitude. Int J Sport Nutr 6(3): 295-306.
Blomstrand, E. 2001. Amino acids
and central fatigue. Amino Acids 20(1): 25-34.
Blomstrand, E. 2006. A role for
branched-chain amino acids in reducing central fatigue. J Nutr 136(2):
544S-547S.
Blomstrand, E., J. Eliasson, H. K. Karlsson, et al. 2006. Branched-chain amino
acids activate key enzymes in protein synthesis after physical exercise. J Nutr
136(1 Suppl): 269S-73S.
Blomstrand, E., P. Hassmen, B. Ekblom, et al. 1991. Administration of
branched-chain amino acids during sustained exercise--effects on performance and
on plasma concentration of some amino acids. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
63(2): 83-8.
Blomstrand, E., P. Hassmen and E. A. Newsholme 1991. Effect of branched-chain
amino acid supplementation on mental performance. Acta Physiol Scand 143(2):
225-6.
Blomstrand, E. and B. Saltin 2001. BCAA intake affects protein metabolism in
muscle after but not during exercise in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
281(2): E365-74.
Calvey, H., M. Davis and R. Williams 1985. Controlled trial of nutritional
supplementation, with and without branched chain amino acid enrichment, in
treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 1(2): 141-51.
Campbell, W. W., M. C. Crim, V. R. Young, et al. 1995. Effects of resistance
training and dietary protein intake on protein metabolism in older adults. Am J
Physiol 268(6 Pt 1): E1143-53.
Chang, Y., Kang, S., Ko, S., Park, W. (2006). Pretreatment with
N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester improved oxygenation after inhalation of nitic
oxide in newborn piglets with Escherichia coli pneumonia and sepsis. J Korean
Medical Science 21: 965-72.
Chawla, W., Stackhouse, J., Wadsworth, A. 1975. Efficiency of a-Ketoisocaproic
Acid as a Substitute for Leucine in the Diet of the Growing Rat. J Nutr 105(6):
798-803.
Cota, D., K. Proulx, K. A. Smith, et al. 2006. Hypothalamic mTOR signaling
regulates food intake. Science 312(5775): 927-30.
De Clercq, E. and H. J. Field (2006). Antiviral prodrugs - the development of
successful prodrug strategies for antiviral chemotherapy. Br J Pharmacol 147(1):
1-11.
De Palo, E. F., R. Gatti, E. Cappellin, et al. 2001. Plasma lactate, GH and
GH-binding protein levels in exercise following BCAA supplementation in
athletes. Amino Acids 20(1): 1-11.
Eksborg, S., N. Pal, M. Kalin, C. Palm and S. Soderhall (2002). Pharmacokinetics
of acyclovir in immunocompromized children with leukopenia and mucositis after
chemotherapy: can intravenous acyclovir be substituted by oral valacyclovir? Med
Pediatr Oncol 38(4): 240-6.
Garlick, P. J., M. A. McNurlan and C. S. Patlak 1999. Adaptation of protein
metabolism in relation to limits to high dietary protein intake. Eur J Clin Nutr
53 Suppl 1: S34-43.
Guillet, C., M. Prod'homme, M. Balage, et al. 2004. Impaired anabolic response
of muscle protein synthesis is associated with S6K1 dysregulation in elderly
humans. Faseb J 18(13): 1586-7.
Han, H., R. L. de Vrueh, J. K. Rhie, K. M. Covitz, P. L. Smith, C. P. Lee, D. M.
Oh, W. Sadee and G. L. Amidon (1998). 5'-Amino acid esters of antiviral
nucleosides, acyclovir, and AZT are absorbed by the intestinal PEPT1 peptide
transporter. Pharm Res 15(8): 1154-9.
Han, H. K., D. M. Oh and G. L. Amidon (1998). Cellular uptake mechanism of amino
acid ester prodrugs in Caco-2/hPEPT1 cells overexpressing a human peptide
transporter. Pharm Res 15(9): 1382-6.
Jonas, A. J. and I. J. Butler (1989). Circumvention of defective neutral amino
acid transport in Hartnup disease using tryptophan ethyl ester. J Clin Invest
84(1): 200-4.
Kawamura, I., H. Sato, S. Ogoshi, et al. 1985. Use of an intravenous branched
chain amino acid enriched diet in the tumor-bearing rat. Jpn J Surg 15(6):
471-6.
Kim, D. K., N. Lee, H. T. Kim, G. J. Im and K. H. Kim (1999). Synthesis and
evaluation of 2-amino-6-fluoro-9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl)purine mono-
and diesters as potential prodrugs of penciclovir. Bioorg Med Chem 7(3): 565-70.
Kim, D. K., N. Lee, Y. W. Kim, K. Chang, G. J. Im, W. S. Choi and K. H. Kim
(1999). Synthesis and evaluation of amino acid esters of 6-deoxypenciclovir as
potential prodrugs of penciclovir. Bioorg Med Chem 7(2): 419-24.
Kimball, S. R. and L. S. Jefferson 2006. New functions for amino acids: effects
on gene transcription and translation. Am J Clin Nutr 83(2): 500S-507S.
Kimball, S. R. and L. S. Jefferson 2006. Signaling pathways and molecular
mechanisms through which branched-chain amino acids mediate translational
control of protein synthesis. J Nutr 136(1 Suppl): 227S-31S.
Laviano, A., M. M. Meguid, A. Inui, et al. 2006. Role of leucine in regulating
food intake. Science 313(5791): 1236-8; author reply 1236-8.
Layman, D. K. 2002. Role of leucine in protein metabolism during exercise and
recovery. Can J Appl Physiol 27(6): 646-63.
Layman, D. K. 2003. The role of leucine in weight loss diets and glucose
homeostasis. J Nutr 133(1): 261S-267S.
Lo, H. C. and D. M. Ney 1996. GH and IGF-I differentially increase protein
synthesis in skeletal muscle and jejunum of parenterally fed rats. Am J Physiol
271(5 Pt 1): E872-8.
Lobley, G. E., A. Connell, E. Milne, et al. 1990. Muscle protein synthesis in
response to testosterone administration in wether lambs. Br J Nutr 64(3):
691-704.
Lynch, C. J. 2001. Role of leucine in the regulation of mTOR by amino acids:
revelations from structure-activity studies. J Nutr 131(3): 861S-865S.
Lynch, C. J., B. Gern, C. Lloyd, et al. 2006. Leucine in food mediates some of
the postprandial rise in plasma leptin concentrations. Am J Physiol Endocrinol
Metab 291(3): E621-30.
Lynch, C. J., B. Halle, H. Fujii, et al. 2003. Potential role of leucine
metabolism in the leucine-signaling pathway involving mTOR. Am J Physiol
Endocrinol Metab 285(4): E854-63.
Lynch, C. J., B. J. Patson, J. Anthony, et al. 2002. Leucine is a direct-acting
nutrient signal that regulates protein synthesis in adipose tissue. Am J Physiol
Endocrinol Metab 283(3): E503-13.
MacLean, D. A., T. E. Graham and B. Saltin 1994. Branched-chain amino acids
augment ammonia metabolism while attenuating protein breakdown during exercise.
Am J Physiol 267(6 Pt 1): E1010-22.
Marchesini, G., R. Marzocchi, M. Noia, et al. 2005. Branched-chain amino acid
supplementation in patients with liver diseases. J Nutr 135(6 Suppl):
1596S-601S.
Mero, A. 1999. Leucine supplementation and intensive training. Sports Med 27(6):
347-58.
Mitch, W. E. 1980. Metabolism and metabolic effects of ketoacids. Am J Clin Nutr
33(7): 1642-8.
Mittleman, K. D., M. R. Ricci and S. P. Bailey 1998. Branched-chain amino acids
prolong exercise during heat stress in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc
30(1): 83-91.
Mizen, L. and G. Burton (1998). The use of esters as prodrugs for oral delivery
of beta-lactam antibiotics. Pharm Biotechnol 11: 345-65.
Mourier, A., A. X. Bigard, E. de Kerviler, et al. 1997. Combined effects of
caloric restriction and branched-chain amino acid supplementation on body
composition and exercise performance in elite wrestlers. Int J Sports Med 18(1):
47-55.
Norton, L. E. and D. K. Layman 2006. Leucine regulates translation initiation of
protein synthesis in skeletal muscle after exercise. J Nutr 136(2): 533S-537S.
Ogata, E. S., S. K. Foung and M. A. Holliday 1978. The effects of starvation and
refeeding on muscle protein synthesis and catabolism in the young rat. J Nutr
108(5): 759-65.
Okudaira, N., T. Tatebayashi, G. C. Speirs, I. Komiya and Y. Sugiyama (2000). A
study of the intestinal absorption of an ester-type prodrug, ME3229, in rats:
active efflux transport as a cause of poor bioavailability of the active drug. J
Pharmacol Exp Ther 294(2): 580-7.
Petibois, C., G. Cazorla, J. R. Poortmans, et al. 2002. Biochemical aspects of
overtraining in endurance sports: a review. Sports Med 32(13): 867-78.
Platell, C., S. E. Kong, R. McCauley, et al. 2000. Branched-chain amino acids. J
Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(7): 706-17.
Proud, C. G. 2004. Role of mTOR signalling in the control of translation
initiation and elongation by nutrients. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 279: 215-44.
Proud, C. G., X. Wang, J. V. Patel, et al. 2001. Interplay between insulin and
nutrients in the regulation of translation factors. Biochem Soc Trans 29(Pt 4):
541-7.
Reeves, J. P. (1979). Accumulation of amino acids by lysosomes incubated with
amino acid methyl esters. J Biol Chem 254(18): 8914-21.
Reeves, J. P. and T. Reames (1981). ATP stimulates amino acid accumulation by
lysosomes incubated with amino acid methyl esters. Evidence for a lysosomal
proton pump. J Biol Chem 256(12): 6047-53.
Rennie, M. J., J. Bohe, K. Smith, et al. 2006. Branched-chain amino acids as
fuels and anabolic signals in human muscle. J Nutr 136(1 Suppl): 264S-8S.
Riazi, R., M. Rafii, L. J. Wykes, et al. 2003. Valine may be the first limiting
branched-chain amino acid in egg protein in men. J Nutr 133(11): 3533-9.
Riazi, R., L. J. Wykes, R. O. Ball, et al. 2003. The total branched-chain amino
acid requirement in young healthy adult men determined by indicator amino acid
oxidation by use of L-[1-13C]phenylalanine. J Nutr 133(5): 1383-9.
Sans, M. D., M. Tashiro, N. L. Vogel, et al. 2006. Leucine activates pancreatic
translational machinery in rats and mice through mTOR independently of CCK and
insulin. J Nutr 136(7): 1792-9.
Sawada, K., T. Terada, H. Saito, Y. Hashimoto and K. I. Inui (1999). Recognition
of L-amino acid ester compounds by rat peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. J
Pharmacol Exp Ther 291(2): 705-9.
Schliess, F., L. Richter, S. vom Dahl, et al. 2006. Cell hydration and mTOR-dependent
signalling. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 187(1-2): 223-9.
Sherwin, R. S. 1981. The effect of ketone bodies and dietary carbohydrate intake
on protein metabolism. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 507: 30-40.
Shimomura, Y., T. Murakami, N. Nakai, et al. 2000. Suppression of glycogen
consumption during acute exercise by dietary branched-chain amino acids in rats.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 46(2): 71-7.
Silk, D. B., J. E. Hegarty, P. D. Fairclough, et al. 1982. Characterization and
nutritional significance of peptide transport in man. Ann Nutr Metab 26(6):
337-52.
Sokal, E. M., M. C. Baudoux, E. Collette, et al. 1996. Branched chain amino
acids improve body composition and nitrogen balance in a rat model of extra
hepatic biliary atresia. Pediatr Res 40(1): 66-71.
Stein, T. P., M. R. Donaldson, M. J. Leskiw, et al. 2003. Branched-chain amino
acid supplementation during bed rest: effect on recovery. J Appl Physiol 94(4):
1345-52.
Stipanuk, M. H. 2007. Leucine and protein synthesis: mTOR and beyond. Nutr Rev
65(3): 122-9.
Talvas, J., A. Obled, P. Fafournoux, et al. 2006. Regulation of protein
synthesis by leucine starvation involves distinct mechanisms in mouse C2C12
myoblasts and myotubes. J Nutr 136(6): 1466-71.
Tarnopolsky, M. A., S. A. Atkinson, J. D. MacDougall, et al. 1992. Evaluation of
protein requirements for trained strength athletes. J Appl Physiol 73(5):
1986-95.
Tipton, K. D., A. A. Ferrando, S. M. Phillips, et al. 1999. Postexercise net
protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids. Am J
Physiol 276(4 Pt 1): E628-34.
Tokunaga, C., K. Yoshino and K. Yonezawa 2004. mTOR integrates amino acid- and
energy-sensing pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 313(2): 443-6.
Wellner, V. P., M. E. Anderson, R. N. Puri, G. L. Jensen and A. Meister (1984).
Radioprotection by glutathione ester: transport of glutathione ester into human
lymphoid cells and fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81(15): 4732-5.
Zhang, Y., K. Guo, R. E. Leblanc, et al. 2007. Increasing dietary leucine intake
reduces diet-induced obesity and improves glucose and cholesterol metabolism in
mice via multi-mechanisms. Diabetes.
|
